Page 204 - SST Class 08

3. uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity Article 2 : Everyone is entitled to all the rights
and integrity of India.
4. defend the country and render national
service when called upon to do so.
5. promote harmony and the spirit of common
brotherhood amongst all the people of India
transcending religious, linguistic and
regional or sectional diversities
6. renounce practices derogatory to the dignity
of women.
7. value and preserve the rich heritage of our
composite culture.
8. protect and improve the natural environ-
ment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild
life and to have compassion for living
creatures.
9. develop the scientific temper, humanism
and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
10. safeguard public property and the abjure
violence.
11. strive towards excellence in all spheres of
individual and collective activity so that the
nation constantly rises to higher levels of
endeavour and achievement.
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS ADOPTED
FROM HUMAN RIGHTS
Human rights are the basic rights to which all
humans are entitled. These rights are considered
essential for maintaining the dignity of humans
and protecting them from injustice and cruelty.
The constitutions of all countries have been
influenced by the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights, 1948. Some of our Fundamental
Rights are influenced by this Declaration. Let us
read some Articles given in the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights and find out how
they have been adopted by our Constitution.
Article 1 : All human beings are born free and
equal in dignity and rights They are endowed
with reason and conscience and should act
towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Social Science-8 204
and freedoms set forth in this Declaration,
without distinction of any kind, such as race,
colour, sex, language, religion, political or other
opinion, national or social origin, property, birth
or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall
be made on the basis of the political, jurisdic-
tional or interaction status of the country or
territory to which a person belongs, whether it be
independent, trust, non-self-governing or under
any other limitation of sovereignty.
Article 3 : Everyone has the right to life, liberty
and security of person.
Article 4 : No one shall be held in slavery or
servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be
prohibited in all their forms.
Article 7 : All are equal before the law and are
entitled without any discrimination to equal
protection of the law.
Article 8 : Everyone has the right to an effec-
tive remedy by the competent national tribunals
for acts violating the Fundamental Rights granted
to them by the constitution or by law.
Article 11 : Everyone charged with a panel
offence has the right to be presumed innocent
until proved guilty according to the law in a
public trial at which she/he has had all the
guarantees necessary for her/ his defense.
Article 13 : Everyone has the Right to Freedom
of movement and residence within the borders of
each state.
Article 18 : Everyone has the Right to Freedom
of thought, conscience and religion.
Article 19 : Everyone has the Right to Freedom
of opinion and expression.
Article 20(1) : Everyone has the Right to
Freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
Article 23(2) : Everyone, without any discrimi-
nation, has the right to equal pay for equal work.
Article 26(1) : Everyone has the right to
education.