Page 224 - SST Class 08
P. 224
4 4 4
Judicial Structure:
Key Elements
The Constitution of India came into effect on the been harmed by the actions of another person or
26th Of January, 1950 and is the source of law business (the “defendant”) and asks the court for
and also the supreme law of India. The court relief by filing a “complaint” and starting a court
system where disputes are resolved, decisions are case. The plaintiff may ask the court to award
made by a bench of judges or magistrates and “damages” (money to compensate the plaintiff
the law is enforced is known as the Judiciary for any harm suffered) or may ask for an “injunc-
System. The Judges and the magistrates form the tion” to prevent the defendant from doing
core of the Judiciary. something or to require the defendant to do
JUDICIAL STRUCTURE IN INDIA something or may seek a “declaratory judgment”
in which the court determines the parties’ rights
Supreme Court under a contract or statute.
The apex court in India at New Delhi. Criminal Cases
Criminal cases involve enforcing public codes of
High Court behavior, which are codified in the laws of the
Highest court at state and union territory level, state. In criminal cases, the government prose-
almost one for every state and union territory. cutes individuals for violating those laws (in other
words, for allegedly committing a crime).
District Court Punishment in criminal cases can include fines,
Generally one in every distric/metropolitan community service, probation, prison and the
area. like.
ROLE OF DIFFERENT JUDICIAL
Subordinate Court AGENCIES
Also known as village court or Lok Adalat or In the administration of justice, courts, public
Nyaya Panchayat. prosecutor and police play a vital role. However,
their roles are at variance and different from each
TYPES OF JUDICIAL CASES other.
Broadly speaking judicial cases can be divided Role of the Courts
into two categories — civil cases and criminal
Courts play a vital role in the administration of
cases.
justice. District Courts, High Courts and Supreme
Civil Cases Court play a vital role in the administration of
Civil cases involve conflicts between people or justice. Courts verify the facts and arguments, but
institutions such as businesses, typically over by both appellants and respondents through their
money. A civil case usually begins when one lawyers before taking a decision. It is only after a
person or business (the “plaintiff”) claims to have thorough examination that courts give their
Social Science-8 224
