Page 158 - Vyakaran Class 08

ftlosQ ifj.kkeLo:i ;gk¡ dk thou igys dh rqyuk esa la?k"kZe; gks x;k gSA lHkh {ks=kksa esa futhdj.k dh çfØ;k
ls çfrLièkkZ c<+h gSA iQyr% èkuh o fuèkZu osQ chp dk varj vkSj xgjkrk tk jgk gSA dy&dkj[kkuksa ,oa

eksVjxkfM+;ksa dh la[;k esa fujarj o`n~fèk ls èofu] ty rFkk ok;q çnw"k.k esa o`n~fèk gqbZ gSA oqQN egkuxjksa esa ;g
çnw"k.k euq"; o vU; tho&tarqvkssa osQ fy, ?kkrd fln~èk gks jgk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy, tkiku osQ VksD;ks egkuxj

esa vkWDlhtu dh ek=kk bruh ?kV xbZ gS fd ogk¡ yksxksa dks le;≤ ij Ñf=ke vkWDlhtu dh vko';drk
iM+rh gSA gekjs ns'k dh jktèkkuh fnYyh dh x.kuk Hkh fo'o osQ lcls vfèkd çnwf"kr egkuxjksa esa gksrh gSA

gekjs ns'k osQ egkuxjksa esa ,d vksj rks vV~Vkfydk,¡ gSa] ogha nwljh vksj >ksaiM+&ifV~V;k¡ Hkh gSaA xk¡oksa ls iyk;u

dj ;gk¡ vk, fuèkZu Jfedksas dk LFkkbZ fuokl ;s >ksiM+&iV~fV;k¡ gh gSa tgk¡ thou osQ fy, vko';d lqfoèkkvksa
dk ges'kk vHkko cuk jgrk gS] ijarq ;gk¡ jguk ,d ,slh e”kcwjh gS ftldk muosQ ikl dksbZ lekèkku ugha gSA

egkuxjh; thou esa leLr HkkSfrd lq[k&lqfoèkkvksa dh pdkpkSaèk ns[kh tk ldrh gS ij bl pdkpkSaèk esa thou
ewY;ksa dk fujarj ßkl gks jgk gS] yksxkas esa çse] HkkbZpkjk ln~Hkko] lgkuqHkwfr] n;k rFkk eerk vkfn Hkko fuajrj

yqIr gksrs tk jgs gSaA gj dksbZ gj le; viuh gh èkqu esa [kks;k jgrk gSA bl çdkj ge ns[krs gSa fd egkuxjh;
thou flDosQ osQ nks igyqvksa dh Hkk¡fr ojnku o vfHk'kki dk lfEeJ.k gSA

2- flusek (pyfp=k)

foKku osQ ekè;e ls ekuo us vius thou osQ fy, tks vn~Hkqr miyfCèk;k¡ gkfly dh gSa] pyfp=k ;k flusek
mUgha miyfCèk;ksa esa ls ,d gSA pyfp=k us ekuo&lekt vkSj mlosQ okrkoj.k dks ifjo£rr dj fn;k gSA ;g

oSpkfjd Økafr dk ,d l'kDr ekè;e cudj mHkjk gSA blus vius vn~Hkqr çHkko ls lkjh nqfu;k dks
vk'p;Zpfdr dj fn;k gSA pyfp=k dh çLrqfr loZçFke yanu esa 1890 bZ- esa gqbZ FkhA Hkkjr esa bldh 'kq#vkr

Lo- Jh nknk lkgsc iQkYosQ n~okjk 1913 bZ- esa gqbZA mUgsa Hkkjr esa flusek vFkkZr pyfp=k dk tUenkrk dgk tkrk
gSA blosQ ckn pyfp=k vusd iM+koksa ls xq”kjrk x;kA bldh yksdfç;rk vkt Hkh mruh gh gS ftruh fd ;g
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çFke pj.k esa gqvk djrh FkhA çkjaHk esa osQoy ewd fiQYesa cuha] ijarq èkhjs&èkhjs blesa vkok”k Hkh nh tkus yxhA
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vc ;g ek=k dkys&lisQn jaxksa rd gh lhfer ugha gS vfirq vc pyfp=k fnu&çfrfnu vkSj vfèkd vkd"kZd
jaxksa ls lqlfTtr gksrk tk jgk gSA vkt flusek gekjs thou dk ,d çeq[k vax cu x;k gS D;ksafd ;g gekjs
euksjatu dk ,d çeq[k lkèku gSA

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flusek dh rduhd vkt cgqr vfèkd fodflr gSA iQksVksxzkiQh] dgkuh] iVdFkk] laokn] laxhr rFkk
ik'oZxk;dh vkfn gj {ks=k esa bldh rduhd esa ifjorZu vk;k gSA vkt ;g ,d O;olk; dk :i ys pqdk gSA
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igys tks fiQYesa g”kkjksa ;k yk[kksa osQ ctV esa rS;kj gksrh Fkha] ogh vkt djksM+ksa osQ ctV esa curh gSaA

tuekul dks >d>ksjus esa flusek egRRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk vnk djrk gSA flusek dk tuthou ij cgqr gh O;kid
çHkko iM+rk gSA lekt dh oqQjhfr;ksa dks nwj djus esa tc lglzksa çpkjd Hkh vliQy gks tkrs gSa rks mu
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ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh oqQN vPNh fiQYeksa ls lekt ij vfeV Nki iM+rh gSA enj bafM;k] midkj] vkØks'k] tkx`fr]
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vfXuiFk] vk¡èkh] lkjka'k] xnj] vFkZ] yxku vkfn fiQYeksa us lekt ij xgjh Nki NksM+h gSA
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;g nqHkkZX;iw.kZ ckr gS fd vfèkd O;olk;hdj.k osQ iQyLo:i yksx oqQN ,slh fiQYesa cuk jgs gSa ftlesa
v'yhyrk rFkk pfj=k dk iru ns[kus dks feyrk gSA iQyLo:i lekt esa O;fHkpkj vkSj v'yhyrk c<+ xbZ gSA

O;kdj.k&8 158