Page 103 - SST Class 06

6. Chakravala Method of Algorithms
The chakravala method is a cyclic algorithm
to solve indeterminate quadratic equations,
including the Pell’s equation. This method
for obtaining integer solutions was devel-
oped by Brahmagupta, one of the well
known mathematicians of the 7th century
CE. Another mathematician, Jayadeva later
generalized this method for a wider range of
equations, which was further refined by
Bhãskara II in his Bijaganita treatise. 8. A Theory of Atom

One of the notable scientists of the ancient
India was Kanad who is said to have
devised the atomic theory centuries before
John Dalton was born. He speculated the
existence of ‘anu’ or a small indestructible
particles, much like an atom. He also stated
that ‘anu’ can have two states — absolute
rest and a state of motion. He further held
that atoms of same substance combined
with each other in a specific and synchro-
7. Ruler Measurements
nised manner to produce dvyanuka (di-
Excavations at Harappans sites have
atomic molecules) and tryanuka (triatomic
yielded rulers or linear measures made from
molecules).
ivory and shell. Marked out in minute
9. The Heliocentric Theory
subdivisions with amazing accuracy, the
Mathematicians of ancient India often
calibrations correspond closely with the
applied their mathematical knowledge to
3
hasta increments of 1 inches, traditionally make accurate astronomical predictions.
8
used in the ancient architecture of South The most significant among them was
India. Ancient bricks found at the excava- Aryabhatta whose book, Aryabhatiya,
tion sites have dimensions that correspond represented the pinnacle of astronomical
to the units on these rulers. knowledge at the time. He correctly pro-

Social Science-6 103