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nursed ambitions to control its territories, as The Carnatic came under the control of Chanda
they felt that political control would enhance Sahib who rewarded the French with a grant of
their profits. 80 villages around Pondicherry (Puducherry).
THE CARNATIC WARS French were also successful in Hyderabad. Nasir
The First Carnatic War (1746-48) Jang was killed and Muzaffar Jang became the
The First Carnatic War (1746-48) was largely an Viceroy or Nizam of the Deccan.
extension of Anglo-French rivalries in Europe and When Muzaffar Jang was accidentally killed in
America. 1751, the French placed Salamat Jang on the
In Europe, the Austrian war of succession broke throne who in return gave the area known as the
out in 1740. France and Britain wanted to place Northern Sarkars to the French. The French
their candidate on the Austrian throne. power in South India was now at its height.
Moreover, in the wake of the declining Mughal To offset French influence, the British allied with
authority in India, both English and French East Nasir Jang and Muhammad Ali (Anwar-ud-Din’s
India Companies wanted to have control over son).
the Indian trade.
In order to help Muhammad Ali, who was
This technically gave rise to conflict and pushed besieged by French forces at Trichinapalli, Robert
the two companies in the state of war in India.
Clive attacked Arcot, the capital of Carnatic.
In the course of the First Carnatic War, the
This compelled the French to raise the siege of
French besieged Madras (Chennai) both by sea
Trichinappalli and led to their defeat. Chanda
and land. A large British army was sent from
Sahib was soon captured and killed.
England under Rear Admiral Boscawen in June
The French fortunes were at the lowest ebb and
1748 to avenge the capture of Madras
French Government initiated peace negotiations.
(Chennai).
But, by October, the War of Austrian succession By the Treaty of Pondicherry (Puducherry), the
had been concluded and under the treaty of Aix- hostilities ended for a while. The English and the
La-Chapelle and termination of hostilities in French decided not to quarrels for the native
Europe, the war in India came to an end. Madras princes and took possession of the territories,
was restored to British and there was an which were actually occupied by them before the
exchange of each other’s prisoners and territories. war.
The Second Carnatic War (1749-54) The Third Carnatic War (1758-63)
The Second Carnatic War (1749-54) broke out The Third Carnatic War (1758-63) which broke
due to conflicting ambitions between the two out after the Seven Years, War started (1756) in
powers who supported rival claimants to the Europe.
disputed thrones of Hyderabad and Carnatic.
In the beginning of the war, the British acquired
The French sided with Muzaffar Jang and Bengal which turned the scales decisively in
Chanda Sahib while the English supported the
favour of the British.
claims of Nasir Jang and Anwar-ud-Din.
The final blow was dealt in 1760 when the
The combined forces of Muzaffar Jang, Chanda
British General Sir Eyre Coote defeated the
Sahib and the French defeated and killed Anwar-
French army in the Battle of Wandiwash and
ud-Din at the battle of Ambur near Vellore in
took Bussy as prisoner.
1749.
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