Page 20 - SST Class 08

(Mumbai) and Madras (Chennai). The Anglo- waged war against independent Indian states and
French wars in Carnatic and the battles of established the British Empire in India.
Plassey and Buxar began the period of British ANGLO-MYSORE RELATIONS
conquest of India. By 1765, the British had Four Anglo-Mysore wars were fought between
become the virtual rulers of Bengal, Bihar and the English and Hyder Ali, the ruler of Mysore
Odisha. The Nawab of Awadh had become
and his successor Tipu Sultan.
dependent on them and so was the Nawab of
Carnatic who was their creation.

DUAL (DOUBLE) SYSTEM OF
ADMINISTRATION IN BENGAL (1765-72)
With the signing of the Treaty of Allahabad in
1765, the East India Company became the
actual ruler of Bengal. This treaty made the
Company the Diwan of Bihar, Bengal and
Orissa, which meant that the Company directly
collected its revenues. Parallel to being the
Diwan, the Company also had the right to Tipu Sultan
nominate the Deputy Subehdar. The post was
First Anglo-Mysore War (1767-69)
invested with the power to control the Nizama or
Hyder Ali, the ruler of Mysore was known to be a
the police and also had judicial powers. This
great admirer of the French which was not taken
resulted in the same person officiating as the
Deputy Diwan on behalf of the Company and as well by the English. Hyder Ali also antagonised
the Marathas by taking possession of their
Deputy Subehdar on behalf of the Nawab, in
territories south of River Tungabhadra, after their
Bengal. This system of administration is known
rout in the third Battle of Panipat. In 1766, the
in history as the Dual System of Administration.
British entered into an agreement with the Nizam
This dual system resulted in the nizam being
of Hyderabad to furnish him troops against
saddled with responsibility without power,
Hyder Ali. But, shortly after this alliance, a secret
whereas the Company had the power without
meeting was held between Hyder Ali and the
responsibility. As a consequence the people of
Nizam, who united against the British. Despite
Bengal were a neglected lot with neither the
facing a larger army at the battlefield, superior
Company nor the Nawab looking after their
welfare. British training and military discipline helped the
English to win this war. The first battle was fought
THE GROWTH OF BRITISH POWER IN
at Changam and the second at Trinamalai.
INDIA
Hyder Ali and Nizam suffered a defeat. The
The period between 1756 to 1761 saw the
Nizam retreated and concluded a treaty with the
transformation of the East India Company into a
Madras Government. Hyder had a strong cavalry
territorial power in India. India was then a mass
and followed a plan of perpetual harassment.
of conflicting states without any central power.
Before the British army could reach Madras, he
The Third Battle of Panipat had shattered the
had forced the Madras Government to accept his
Maratha might and unity and had thus paved the
terms to mutually give back territories and of
way for the rise of the English. The English then
entering into a defensive alliance.

Social Science-8 20