Page 193 - SST Class 06

ous activities efficiently. It is because of organisa- it are indeed enormous. A single government
tional as well as planning. By organisation, it is cannot reach over a billion people living in India
meant that taking decisions at appropriate levels. especially when there are many physical diversi-
Planning means that it does the work orderly in a ties. In order to manage the affairs of the nation
phased manner according to resources available. properly, the government functions at different
levels – at the local level and at the national level.

The local level means in a village, town or city;
1. What is government? the state level would mean entire state like
2. Why do we need government? Haryana or U.P. And the national level relates to
3. Are the courts part of the government? the entire nation. The country is presently
4. How do the government in India and Pakistan divided into 28 States and 9 Union Territories.
differ? Later, you will read about how the local govern-
5. What do you mean by organisation? ment works. In your next classes, you will also

learn about the state and district administration.
Popular Form of Government
Organs of Government
Although there are various forms of government,
There are three parts or organs of the govern-
yet democracy and dictatorship are the two most
ment:
common forms.
1. The Legislature
1. Democratic Form of Government :
2. The Executive
According to Abraham Lincoln “Democracy
is a government of the people, by the 3. The Judiciary
people and for the people.” Democracy is a These organs try to establish a society or proper
form of government in which the ruling atmosphere where all types of progress of the
power is vested in the hands of the people individuals is possible.
who can change it through constitutional 1. The Legislature : The organ of the gov-
means. A democratic government must fulfil ernment that makes laws is known as
its responsibilities towards the citizens. In legislature. Legislation is the main function
practice, it is practised through representa- of the legislature. It makes new laws and
tives of people. amends old ones.
2. Dictatorship Form of Government : It exercises control over the executive and
Dictatorship is the counterpart of demo- can also pass no confidence motion against
cratic form of government. In a dictatorship, the council of ministers headed by the
people have no rights or powers. All the Prime Minister.
powers are in the hands of a single individ- The legislature has full control over the
ual called dictator. He is not answerable to government’s finance. The parliament can
any body. People cannot elect their govern- reject or pass any proposed tax. In India,
ment of nor can change it according to their the parliament is the highest body of law
desire. making. By way of no confidence motion, it
Levels of Government can dissolve the existing government.

If we look closely at the functioning of the gov- 2. The Executive : The laws are put into
ernment, we will find that the tasks performed by effect by the executive. Executive includes

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