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the functions as administration of law and Any discrimination of citizens made by the law is
maintenance of order. It also punishes those also not permitted. For example, the law to have
who break law. It is responsible to look after a license to drive applies uniformly to all adult
the defence of the country against foreign citizens above the age of 18 years. People below
invasions. In India, the Supreme Comman- this age are not permitted to drive. Since the
der of the armed forces is the President. enforcement of this law has been entrusted to the
Wars and treaties are declared by him. With traffic police, they have the power to take action
consolations of the Supreme Court’s Chief in case they find any person below this age
Justice, the executive appoints the judges. driving a vehicle. Similarly, the government
When executive needs money for the ensures that only suitable people are employed
business of government, it prepares the or hired for a job. In case of any discrimination
budget and gets it passed by the legislature. on the basis of caste, creed, colour and religion,
3. The Judiciary : It makes sure that laws are the aggrieved person can approach the courts
enforced properly. It punishes the offenders and claim that the law is not being followed
in accordance with the provisions of the law. infirmly. The courts have the power to issue the
necessary orders to give justice to the aggrieved
The judiciary has the sole power of inter-
party.
preting the constitution. If government or its
agency violates the spirit of the constitution, TYPES OF GOVERNMENT
the Supreme Court can declare it against Democracy
the constitution. The most common type of government in the
The judiciary also settles disputes between Western world is called democracy. In democra-
citizens and the government, centre and a cies, all of the people in a country can vote
state or among different states of the coun- during elections for representatives or political
try. parties that they prefer. The people in democra-
It also protects the fundamental rights of the cies can elect representatives who will sit on
citizens. It also gives advice to the President legislatures such as the Parliament or Congress .
regarding the legal position of any matter if Political parties are organisations of people with
he desires. similar ideas about how a country or region
Laws and the Government should be governed. Different political parties
have different ideas about how the government
The government makes laws and every citizen of
should handle different problems. Democracy is
India has to follow these laws. These laws are
the government of the people, by the people and
contained in the constitution of the country. Just
for the people.
as the constitution empowers the government to
make laws, it also has the power to enforce these Monarchy
laws and take decisions. For example, the law A monarchy is a government ruled by a king or
says that drivers of motor vehicles must have a a queen who inherits their position from their
license to drive. Therefore, the government family, which is often called the “royal family.”
enforces this law to ensure that the drivers of all There are two types of monarchies— absolute
motor vehicles have adequate training and a monarchies and constitutional monarchies. In an
license to drive. absolute monarchy, the ruler has no limits on
their wishes or powers. In a constitutional monar-
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