Page 170 - SST Class 08
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Manufacturing Industries
The organised production of goods or services is All the given types of activities make a clear
called industry. Industries can be manufacturing distinction between manufacturing and a second-
or services industries. Traditionally, however the ary activity. For other activities, the term ‘Indus-
word “industry” referred to any economic activity try’ many still be used if any commercial activity
concerned with the processing of raw materials is involved.
into finished goods with the help of machines in CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIES
factories. Industries are classified or grouped into catego-
TYPES OF ACTIVITIES ries on the basis of size, ownership and raw
For the purpose of defining industrial activities, it materials used. Sometimes, number of labourers
is necessary to understand the type of activities employed, electric power used are also taken into
which can be broadly grouped into four catego- this classification.
ries — Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and On the Basis of Raw Materials
Quaternary. On the basis of raw materials, industries can be
1. Primary Activities : These are concerned classified into following :
with obtaining raw materials for manufac- 1. Agro-based Industries : The agro-based
turing of goods. The sources of raw materi- industries include industries related to
als may be both agricultural and industrial. textiles, sugar, paper and vegetable oil.
Fishing, forestry and agricultural products These industries use agricultural products as
are all primary products. their raw materials. Textile industry is the
2. Secondary Activities : These activities largest industry in the organised sector.
are concerned with industrial activity such 2. Animal-based Industries : Industries
as, manufacturing, fabrication and process- which use materials obtained from animals
ing of primary products. are called animal-based industries. Such as
3. Tertiary Activities : These are service type dairy and meat.
of activities linking primary and secondary
activities. Transport, banking, insurance,
wholesaling, retailing, tourism, etc.
4. Quaternary Activities : This is a recent
addition to various types of activities earlier
included in tertiary activities, but now
treated as a separate group. This enhances
the quality of all the other three activities
and includes education, research and
development, science and technology as
well as communication activities.
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